Commercial paper is an unsecured, short-term debt instrument issued by a corporation, typically for financing working capital and meeting short-term liabilities. It is one of the most important financial instruments that constitute a significant portion of issued debt securities in financial markets. Nevertheless, Commercial paper, like many other conventional financial instruments, has been structured and issued in western financial markets and because of sharia regulations and conditions, it is not allowed to be issued in Islamic markets or for corporations that are committed to Islamic regulations. But Islamic rules and jurisprudence (fiqh) are flexible enough to permit the use of Commercial paper based on various allowed contracts. In this paper, we try to develop Models for structuring and issuing Commercial paper, applicable to Commercial corporations that comply with Islamic rules and regulations.

In recent years, the construction of Commercial complexes has been increasingly grown across the country. However, only some of them have been successful to accommodate a large number of visitors while others are constantly changing the Commercial units’ use. Meanwhile the lack of demand for Commercial units in the form of multi-purpose complexes as well as recent general recession in the country’s economy has deteriorated this situation. Therefore, the main problem of this research is to provide a Model for the success of the Commercial complexes based on the local approach. Grounded theory method has been used in order to theorize and identify the dimensions of the Model. Then the qualitative proposed Model is tested and implemented in a Commercial complex in Tehran. The Model dimensions and their relationships are confirmed based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation Modeling.

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation Models which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The Model was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to Model evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed Model was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the Model can strongly predict wheat development stages.

A kinetic Model for methanol synthesis on a deactivating catalyst has been proposed. This Model, of Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson type, has been obtained from an active-site balance. The development of the Model is based on transient adsorptiondesorption of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide on different types of catalyst sites through different pathways. The Model describes the transient behavior of the active sites of a Commercial deactivating copper/zinc oxide catalyst. The parameters of the kinetic Model proposed have been determined. From this Model, the rates of reaction on the deactivating catalyst have been obtained as a function of time.

The quantities of common emissions are investigated for a specific type of Commercial aircraft. Actual flight data and International Civil Aviation Organization emission data are used. All flight phases are considered, including landing and takeoff phases. The investigation is carried out for the domestic flights only and considers relevant parameters, such as engine type, flight phase, and ground or air operation of the flight. The findings suggest that the quantities of emissions of unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) during the descent phase can exceed those for the taxi phases and the idle operation of the engines, depending on the approach procedure.The main source of nitrogen oxide (NOx) is usually the climb phase, while the mean total flight emissions are calculated as 6 to 8 kg of HC, 60 to 75 kg of CO, and 28 to 31 kg of NOx. The effect of the duration of taxi phase on the production of HC and CO emissions is also discussed.

The purpose of present study is to design and validate a Commercial soft technology Model based on online marketing. This is an applied research with a mixed approach. In the first phase, a qualitative approach was used and after a comprehensive review of the literature, the opinions of the experts were discussed. The population of the study consisted of experts in the field of technology and marketing, especially online marketing, with a theoretical saturation of 14 individuals selected by purposeful sampling. In the second phase, the validity of the Model extracted from the qualitative stage was investigated using a quantitative approach and a survey. The research instruments in the qualitative part of the study was interview, and questionnaire in the quantitative part. Data analysis was done in qualitative part through thematic analysis, and in quantitative part through structural equation Modeling (SEM). After designing the initial Model, 390 questionnaires were randomly distributed among local and international online marketing practitioners, people active in hard and soft technologies, university professors, and students familiar with soft business and online marketing technologies. Reliability and validity of the interviews were assessed using inter-subject agreement and seven-stage validity. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and content validity. The findings of the study revealed the identification of 26 concepts and 5 categories including: soft business technology, market analysis, smart commerce, customer-centric technology, and online marketing. The findings in the quantitative phase confirmed the correlation between structural Model components.

Strategy implementation is one of the most important stages of strategic management. However, implementation is less than compiled. The purpose of this paper is to explain the applied Model of strategy implementation in Commercial banks, which includes identifying, prioritizing its effective variables, describing the process, how it is implemented and examining the implications and challenges of implementation. The research method is applied, result-oriented, descriptive, quantitative-qualitative. The research strategy in the qualitative part is the Grounded Theory and in the quantitative part, the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The qualitative analysis method is based on the Strauss and Corbin paradigm coding and in the quantitative part is based on pairwise comparisons and inconsistency rate analysis. The community, the Commercial bank experts and the sample, comprises 46 managers and experts of 11 Commercial banks (private and public). Sampling method is purposeful judgment with snowball technique and its tools in qualitative part of interview and document analysis and in quantitative part of questionnaire. As a result of the study, a Model was designed in the form of 105 initial codes, 33 concepts and 5 main categories as causal variables, contextual, barriers (intervention), process and its consequences and design and validation (priority), Each is determined.

Tourism has become a method of conducting business worldwide, and health tourism, driven by individuals' need for medical treatment, can also contribute to Commercialization efforts. This dissertation aims to design a comprehensive Model for health tourism with a Commercial orientation. The research employs a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative phase, grounded theory was utilized with MAXQDA14 software to identify the indicators related to health tourism with a Commercial orientation. Participants in the qualitative phase included informed experts with notable insights and publications in the research domain. Based on the theoretical saturation criterion, 16 participants were purposefully selected. In the quantitative phase, a developmental-applied method was employed. The statistical population for the quantitative phase comprised all healthcare professionals and specialist physicians in six selected public and private hospitals. The total statistical population consisted of 1,406 individuals (based on hospital websites). Cochran's formula was applied to determine the sample size for the quantitative phase, resulting in 306 individuals selected through stratified random sampling. The findings culminated in a paradigmatic Model comprising six variables: foundational and constitutive factors, phenomenon, developmental factors, strategic factors, limiting factors, and outcomes. In the quantitative phase, among the components, organizational factors exhibited the highest impact (coefficient = 0.889), while healthcare costs had the least impact (coefficient = 0.718). Ultimately, the final Model demonstrated that developmental factors had the greatest influence on strategies (coefficient = 0.918), followed by the main phenomenon's impact on strategies (coefficient = 0.917), foundational factors on the phenomenon (coefficient = 0.914), intervening factors on strategies (coefficient = 0.888), and strategies on outcomes (coefficient = 0.619).

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a Model for designing the resilience Model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.